Financial abuse

In England, financial abuse is formally recognised under the Care Act 2014 as one of six types of adult abuse. The definition highlights coercion in relation to financial matters such as wills, property, inheritance, and transactions. It also includes internet scamming and is further expanded under the Domestic Abuse Act 2021 to encompass economic abuse, which involves controlling access to essentials like housing, food, and transport. 

In Northern Ireland, the definition places particular emphasis on the issue of consent. Financial abuse is described as theft, fraud, exploitation, or misuse of money, property, benefits, and material goods that the individual did not or could not consent to. This framing underscores the importance of autonomy and informed agreement in financial dealings. 

In Scotland, the term used is ‘financial or material harm’, and the definition includes theft, fraud, scamming, and undue pressure or influence in connection with loans, wills, inheritance, and property. A distinctive element is the inclusion of false representation, such as using another person’s bank card or legal documents without permission. 

In Wales, the definition closely mirrors that of Scotland, including similar examples of financial abuse. However, Wales uniquely extends the definition to include child-specific financial abuse. This can involve unpaid child labour, misuse of grants intended for children’s care, or situations where a child’s belongings are sold or go missing.