Self Harm

Self-harm is when someone hurts themselves, such as by taking harmful substances or causing injury to their body. 

People may do this for many reasons, but it’s almost always a sign that they’re experiencing emotional pain or distress. Self-harming behaviour is often associated with feelings of anger, desperation, or shame. It can be a way someone can feel more in control or punish themselves for feelings of shame or guilt. The associated behaviours are thought to help relieve the individual’s built-up tension, albeit briefly. For a person who has experienced trauma or abuse it can be a way to make themselves feel more connected and alive.  

Some risk factors associated with self-harm are age:

• socio-economic disadvantage
• isolation
• stressful life events
• being bullied
• financial difficulties
• confusion about sexuality
• relationship issues
• loneliness
• bereavement by suicide
• mental health issues
• neurodevelopmental disorders
• chronic physical health issues
• alcohol or drug misuse
• gambling 
• involvement with the criminal justice system. 

Self-harm can affect anyone, regardless of their circumstances or background, however females are much more likely than males to self-harm. 

Self-harm is not usually a suicide attempt or a cry for attention, however people who have self-harmed, particularly males, are at higher risk of suicide than others.  It can be very addictive and once started it can become a compulsion.

If you notice someone self-harming, it’s important to respond with empathy and understanding rather than judgment. Offering a safe space to talk and connecting them with professional help can make a real difference.

Self harm can look like:

• cutting, scratching, bruising, or burning yourself.
• deliberately overdosing on drugs or medication.
• intentionally putting oneself in risky situations e.g. jumping from heights or in front of moving vehicles, hanging, stabbing, drowning, swallowing or insertion of objects.
• abuse of alcohol.
• having unsafe sex.
• eating disorders. 

How do I respond well?

It can be shocking and upsetting to find out someone you’re close to self-harms. It can be difficult to know what to do or say. Try not to panic or get upset. The calmer you can be, the more likely it is the person will be able to open up to you in future.

If someone wants to talk to you about their self-harm listen to them without judgement. Offer to help them find support, but remember that they’re in control of their decisions. Don’t try to force them to stop self-harming if they’re not ready to. Don't ignore their injuries or focus on them too much: for example, don't ask to see their injuries if they don't want to show you.

Remember to take care of yourself too.

Consider any safeguarding concerns relating to the person and also any children, young people, or vulnerable adults dependent on them for care.

Listen: Give the person time to talk and reflect back what they have told you to check you have understood and allow them to clarify.

Observe: Is the person wearing clothing that doesn’t fit with the season? Could they be covering wounds or scars? Note any incidental observation of physical injuries. Do recent injuries need medical treatment? If self-harm appears to be current, are there any implements we may need to remove for their safety and for the safety of others?

Support: Reassure them that you will support them. Let them know who else can support them during the event. Ask them about their support network at home. Encourage them to seek medical help or contact a free listening service

Refer: Tell the Safeguarding Lead who will determine with you the best course of action and, if it concerns a young person or adult at risk, consider whether parents/ carers should be informed.